What is a hysteroscopy and when is it needed?

How is a hysteroscopy performed?

This procedure is done using a thin instrument called a hysteroscope, which is inserted through the vagina and cervix to directly visualize the inside of the uterus. Thanks to a small camera attached to the device, the specialist can observe the endometrial cavity in real time and detect any structural abnormalities. In many cases, diagnosis and treatment can occur in the same surgical session.

Types of hysteroscopy: diagnostic and operative

There are two types of hysteroscopy:

• Diagnostic hysteroscopy: Used to observe and detect endometrial issues such as polyps, submucosal fibroids, adhesions (synechiae), uterine malformations, or retained tissue.

• Operative hysteroscopy: Allows for the removal of lesions, cutting of adhesions, or correction of structural anomalies—without the need for abdominal incisi

Common indications for hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is frequently recommended for the following reasons:

• Abnormal uterine bleeding

• Recurrent miscarriages

• Unexplained infertility

• Abnormal findings on imaging studies (such as ultrasound or sonohysterography)

• Implantation failure during fertility treatments

Advantages in Diagnosing Infertility

In cases of infertility, hysteroscopy helps identify issues that often go undetected in other studies. For instance, small polyps or adhesions that interfere with implantation may go unnoticed on a standard ultrasound but are clearly visible with this technique.

Even for patients planning in vitro fertilization (IVF), it is recommended to evaluate and optimize the uterine cavity beforehand, especially if there have been prior implantation failures.

Procedure Safety and Recovery

The safety of this procedure is well-documented. According to ASRM and ESHRE guidelines, hysteroscopy is a highly effective technique with a low risk of complications when performed by trained professionals.

At Baja Fertility Services, we have a fully equipped surgical suite and perform this procedure on an outpatient basis, meaning no hospitalization is required and patients can usually return to their daily routines the next day.

What to Expect After a Hysteroscopy

Recovery is typically quick. Some patients may experience mild spotting or cramping for 24 to 48 hours, but simple analgesics are usually sufficient to manage any discomfort. Most patients resume their normal activities without difficulty, and in many cases, the reproductive plan can continue immediately after the procedure, depending on the diagnosis.

A Powerful Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool

REFERENCES

1. American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). Hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy: recommendations for practice. Fertil Steril. 2021;116(4):934–946.
2. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Guideline on Management of Uterine Pathology in Infertility.
3. Asociación Mexicana de Medicina de la Reproducción (AMMR). Guía Nacional de Indicaciones para Histeroscopía Diagnóstica y Quirúrgica.
4. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 104: Hysteroscopy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(2):e74–e85.